This survey study (n=511) explored the contextual factors associated with positive and negative mental health in psychedelic users. Using psychedelics with high frequency and coping with negative affect were found to predict negative mental health. Conversely, using psychedelics in a group setting, with self-expansive intentions, and integrating post-use were found to predict positive mental health.

Abstract

“Growing research exploring the utility of psychedelic substances suggests that they not only hold promise for clinical practice but may enhance mental health through recreational use as well. However, given the importance of set and setting for maximizing benefits and minimizing harms of drug use, it is important to develop a foundational understanding of the contextual factors associated with positive and negative mental health in psychedelic users. Accordingly, data were collected using an internet-based survey of psychedelic drug users (n = 511). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore to what degree lifetime use, frequency of use, dose size, group use, intentions for use, and post-use integration predict mental health in psychedelic users. In particular, using psychedelics with high frequency and to cope with negative affect were found to predict negative mental health. Conversely, using psychedelics in a group setting, with self-expansive intentions, and integrating post-use were found to predict positive mental health. Findings suggest that recreational psychedelic use may either enhance or diminish mental health depending on the contextual parameters of use. Limitations and areas for further research are discussed.”

Authors: Kevin O. St. Arnaud & Donald Sharpe

Summary of Contextual Parameters Associated with Positive and Negative Mental Health in Recreational Psychedelic Users

Research into the utility of psychedelics is returning after decades of moratorium, with recent studies indicating that these substances hold significant potential to treat various psychological disorders. However, positive outcomes are frequently associated with recreational psychedelic use as well, with users often reporting improved mental health, enhanced well-being, and greater spirituality.

To predict the influence of recreational drug use on mental health, one should consider total life-time use. Life-time psychedelic use is associated with a reduced likelihood of mental distress.

Controlled psychedelic use entails infrequent use, whereas problematic or abusive use entails high frequency of use. Dose size and social context similarly influence outcomes, with controlled psychedelic users reducing their typical dosage and problematic users escalating to very large doses.

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